Related Work
Traditionally, forest fires were detected using conve
ntional techniques such as guard towers located to
fire high points [5] and Osborne fire Finder [03] that
is a tool consisting of a card topographic printed on
a disc with edge graduated. Unfortunately these prim
ary techniques are inefficient
due to the unreliability
of human observation towers and difficult life cond
ition [21]. This has allowed some countries to use
forest-fire detection systems based on the s
atellite imagery. MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging
HRR (Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer)
used in CHINA [22] are satellite-based monitoring syst
ems. These approaches have proven to be limited
by terrain, time of day, and weather conditions such as clouds, light reflections and smoke from legitimate
industrial or social activities [5, 21].
Recently, the technology of wireless sensor networks (WSN) has emerged and has been adopted by
several countries. This technology must consider impor
tant design goals and features such as: energy
efficiency, early detection and
accurate localization, forecast ca
pability and adaptive to harsh
environment [21]. Many research works from literature
related to forest fires by using WSN have been
conducted around the world [6, 9, 12, 15, 17, 18, 21].
Other interesting investigations have also been done
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